国内不少论坛都存在跨站脚本漏洞，国外也很多这样的例子，甚至google也出现过，不过在12月初时修正了。(编者注：关于跨站脚本漏洞攻击，读者可参阅《详解xss跨站脚本攻击》)。跨站攻击很容易就可以构造，而且非常隐蔽，不易被查觉（通常盗取信息后马上跳转回原页面）。
如何攻击，在此不作说明（也不要问我），主要谈谈如何防范。首先，跨站脚本攻击都是由于对用户的输入没有进行严格的过滤造成的，所以我们必须在所有数据进入我们的网站和数据库之前把可能的危险拦截。针对非法的html代码包括单双引号等，可以使用htmlentities() 。
| ＜?php $str = "a 'quote' is ＜b＞bold＜/b＞"; // outputs: a 'quote' is <b>bold</b> echo htmlentities($str); // outputs: a 'quote' is <b>bold</b> echo htmlentities($str, ent_quotes); ?＞ |
| function removexss($val) { // remove all non-printable characters. cr(0a) and lf(0b) and tab(9) are allowed // this prevents some character re-spacing such as ＜java\0script＞ // note that you have to handle splits with \n, \r, and \t later since they *are* allowed in some inputs $val = preg_replace('/([\x00-\x08][\x0b-\x0c][\x0e-\x20])/', '', $val); // straight replacements, the user should never need these since they're normal characters // this prevents like ＜img src=@avascript:a& _#x6cert('XSS')＞ $search = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; $search .= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'; $search .= '1234567890!@#$%^&*()'; $search .= '~`";:?+/={}[]-_\'\\'; for ($i = 0; $i ＜ strlen($search); $i++) { // ;? matches the ;, which is optional // 0{0,7} matches any padded zeros, which are optional and go up to 8 chars // @ @ search for the hex values $val = preg_replace('/(&#[xx]0{0,8}'.dechex(ord($search[$i])).';?)/i', $search[$i], $val); // with a ; // @ @ 0{0,7} matches '0' zero to seven times $val = preg_replace('/(�{0,8}'.ord($search[$i]).';?)/', $search[$i], $val); // with a ; } // now the only remaining whitespace attacks are \t, \n, and \r $ra1 = array('javascript', 'vbscript', 'expression', 'applet', 'meta', 'xml', 'blink', 'link', 'style', 'script', 'embed', 'object', 'iframe', 'frame', 'frameset', 'ilayer', 'layer', 'bgsound', 'title', 'base'); $ra2 = array('onabort', 'onactivate', 'onafterprint', 'onafterupdate', 'onbeforeactivate', 'onbeforecopy', 'onbeforecut', 'onbeforedeactivate', 'onbeforeeditfocus', 'onbeforepaste', 'onbeforeprint', 'onbeforeunload', 'onbeforeupdate', 'onblur', 'onbounce', 'oncellchange', 'onchange', 'onclick', 'oncontextmenu', 'oncontrolselect', 'oncopy', 'oncut', 'ondataavailable', 'ondatasetchanged', 'ondatasetcomplete', 'ondblclick', 'ondeactivate', 'ondrag', 'ondragend', 'ondragenter', 'ondragleave', 'ondragover', 'ondragstart', 'ondrop', 'onerror', 'onerrorupdate', 'onfilterchange', 'onfinish', 'onfocus', 'onfocusin', 'onfocusout', 'onhelp', 'onkeydown', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyup', 'onlayoutcomplete', 'onload', 'onlosecapture', 'onmousedown', 'onmouseenter', 'onmouseleave', 'onmousemove', 'onmouseout', 'onmouseover', 'onmouseup', 'onmousewheel', 'onmove', 'onmoveend', 'onmovestart', 'onpaste', 'onpropertychange', 'onreadystatechange', 'onreset', 'onresize', 'onresizeend', 'onresizestart', 'onrowenter', 'onrowexit', 'onrowsdelete', 'onrowsinserted', 'onscroll', 'onselect', 'onselectionchange', 'onselectstart', 'onstart', 'onstop', 'onsubmit', 'onunload'); $ra = array_merge($ra1, $ra2); $found = true; // keep replacing as long as the previous round replaced something while ($found == true) { $val_before = $val; for ($i = 0; $i ＜ sizeof($ra); $i++) { $pattern = '/'; for ($j = 0; $j ＜ strlen($ra[$i]); $j++) { if ($j ＞ 0) { $pattern .= '('; $pattern .= '(&#[xx]0{0,8}([9][a][b]);?)?'; $pattern .= '(�{0,8}([9][10][13]);?)?'; $pattern .= ')?'; } $pattern .= $ra[$i][$j]; } $pattern .= '/i'; $replacement = substr($ra[$i], 0, 2).'＜x＞'.substr($ra[$i], 2); // add in ＜＞ to nerf the tag $val = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $val); // filter out the hex tags if ($val_before == $val) { // no replacements were made, so exit the loop $found = false; } } } } |
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