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用visual basic.net编写扑克牌游戏(2)
二、 游戏规则的算法实现
二十一点游戏是玩家要取得比庄家更大的点数总和，但点数超过二十一点即为爆牌，并输掉注码。j、q、k算10点，a可算1点或11点，其余按牌面值计点数。“blackjack”是由一张a和j、q、k或10所组成。开始时每人发两张牌，一张明，一张暗，凡点数不足二十一点，可选择博牌。如果首两张牌是对子可选择分牌。
为简化起见，程序中只有两个玩家dealer和player，都发明牌，无下注过程，不记录输赢，不支持分牌和加倍等。二十一点游戏中，一张牌只要有四个属性说明：face牌面大小、suit牌面花色，count点数，faceup牌面是否向上。因此，这里我们不用 card 类而用card结构。
structure card
public face as integer
public suit as integer
public count as integer
public faceup as boolean
end structure
游戏开始时，我们首先要取一副牌，然后将牌洗好，指定从第几张牌开始发起。洗牌时为取得真正的随机数，用my.computer.clock.tickcount作产生随机数的种子。
dim deck() as card
deck = new card(51) {}
dim topcard as integer
private sub getdeck()
dim i, j as integer
for i = 0 to 3
for j = 0 to 12
deck(j + 13 * i).face = j
deck(j + 13 * i).suit = i
if j < 10 then
deck(j + 13 * i).count = j + 1
else
deck(j + 13 * i).count = 10
end if
deck(j + 13 * i).faceup = false
next
next
end sub
private sub shuffle()
dim i, j, k as integer
dim tc as card
for k = 1 to 500
i = ctype(my.computer.clock.tickcount * rnd(), integer) mod 52
j = ctype(int(rnd() * 52), integer)
tc = deck(i)
deck(i) = deck(j)
deck(j) = tc
next
topcard = 0
end sub
游戏界面中，我们设置三个命令按钮，两个标签。button1为“发牌”、button2为“要牌”、button3为“停牌”。label1记录庄家点数，label2记录玩家点数。游戏过程中，如果一副牌发完，立即重洗一副牌，并弹出消息对话框告知。以下列出三个按钮单击事件代码。其中庄家游戏过程中，为简化起见，未曾使用游戏技巧。
dim playercount as integer = 0
dim playerace as integer = 0
dim dealercount as integer = 0
dim dealerace as integer = 0
dim ipcard, idcard as integer
private sub delay(byval dt as integer)
dim t as integer
t = my.computer.clock.tickcount
do
if my.computer.clock.tickcount >= t + dt then exit do
loop
end sub
private sub button1_click(byval sender as system.object, byval e as system.eventargs) handles button1.click
button1.visible = false
label1.text=””
label2.text=””
label1.refresh()
label2.refresh()
mybase.creategraphics.clear(color.darkgreen)
dealerace = 0
playerace = 0
dealercount = 0
playercount = 0
cdtdrawext(mybase.creategraphics.gethdc, 200, 200, 75, 100, (deck(topcard).face * 4 + deck(topcard).suit), 0, 0)
playercount += deck(topcard).count
if deck(topcard).face = 0 then playercount += 10 : playerace += 1
topcard += 1
if topcard >= 52 then shuffle() : msgbox("new deck!")
label2.text = playercount.tostring
label2.refresh()
delay(1000)
cdtdrawext(mybase.creategraphics.gethdc, 200, 10, 75, 100, (deck(topcard).face * 4 + deck(topcard).suit), 0, 0)
dealercount += deck(topcard).count
if deck(topcard).face = 0 then dealercount += 10 : dealerace += 1
topcard += 1
if topcard >= 52 then shuffle() : msgbox("new deck!")
label1.text = dealercount.tostring
label1.refresh()
delay(1000)
cdtdrawext(mybase.creategraphics.gethdc, 220, 200, 75, 100, (deck(topcard).face * 4 + deck(topcard).suit), 0, 0)
playercount += deck(topcard).count
if deck(topcard).face = 0 and playerace = 0 then playercount += 10 : playerace += 1
topcard += 1
if topcard >= 52 then shuffle() : msgbox("new deck!")
label2.text = playercount.tostring
label2.refresh()
delay(1000)
cdtdrawext(mybase.creategraphics.gethdc, 220, 10, 75, 100, (deck(topcard).face * 4 + deck(topcard).suit), 0, 0)
dealercount += deck(topcard).count
if deck(topcard).face = 0 and dealerace = 0 then dealercount += 10 : dealerace += 1
topcard += 1
if topcard >= 52 then shuffle() : msgbox("new deck!")
label1.text = dealercount.tostring
label1.refresh()
delay(1000)
ipcard = 2
idcard = 2
button2.visible = true
button3.visible = true
end sub
private sub button2_click(byval sender as system.object, byval e as system.eventargs) handles button2.click
cdtdrawext(mybase.creategraphics.gethdc, 200 + 20 * ipcard, 200, 75, 100, (deck(topcard).face * 4 + deck(topcard).suit), 0, 0)
playercount += deck(topcard).count
if deck(topcard).face = 0 then playercount += 10 : playerace += 1
topcard += 1
if topcard >= 52 then shuffle() : msgbox("new deck!")
ipcard += 1
label2.text = playercount.tostring
label2.refresh()
if playercount > 21 then
if playerace >= 1 then
playercount -= 10
playerace -= 1
label2.text = playercount.tostring
label2.refresh()
else
msgbox("player loss!")
button1.visible = true
button2.visible = false
button3.visible = false
end if
end if
end sub
private sub button3_click(byval sender as system.object, byval e as system.eventargs) handles button3.click
button2.visible = false
button3.visible = false
dealerplay()
end sub
private sub dealerplay()
do
if dealercount < 17 then
cdtdrawext(mybase.creategraphics.gethdc, 200 + 20 * idcard, 10, 75, 100, (deck(topcard).face * 4 + deck(topcard).suit), 0, 0)
dealercount += deck(topcard).count
if dealercount > 21 and dealerace = 1 then dealercount -= 10 : dealerace -= 1
if deck(topcard).face = 0 and dealercount <= 11 then dealercount += 10
topcard += 1
if topcard >= 52 then shuffle() : msgbox("new deck!")
idcard += 1
else
exit do
end if
loop
label1.text = dealercount.tostring
label1.refresh()
if dealercount <= 21 then
if playercount > dealercount then
msgbox("player win!")
else
msgbox("dealer win!")
end if
else
msgbox("player win!")
end if
button1.visible = true
button2.visible = false
button3.visible = false
end sub
运行结果如下图所示：
三、 实践与提高
上述编程中,我们用了结构描述card，对card的face取值（a，2，…，k）和suit取值（club，diamond，heart，spade）用了数值0-12和0-3表示。游戏规则也作了简化，只有两个玩家，也未对玩家属性（如：财富、下注、所持牌、持牌点数等）进行描述。实践表明，较好的方法是用card、player类，face和suit用枚举型数据。这些，我们可以在编程中逐步地添加完善。
随着编程实践的深入，我们的经验也会随之丰富起来。如何写一系列的类去支持各式游戏（包括升级、斗地主等需要用大小王牌的游戏）？如何记录玩家得分？如何支持网络？如何处理网络游戏中玩家离开？如此等等。经一个月、两个月，一年、两年的实践后，你将成为行家里手。
