选用纯 jsp 还是纯 servlet 设计站点都有它的局限性，struts 就是把它们联系在一起的一种有力工具。采用 struts 能开发出基于 mvc 模式的应用，关于 mvc 的概念可以参见 gof 的《设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础》。
你现在要做的是，下载、安装、配置好以下的工具，版本不同的话操作可能会有些差异，具体的看它们的文档吧：
tomcat 4.1.24
apache 2.0.43, w/ mod_jk2 2.0.43
java 2 sdk standard edition 1.4.0
struts 1.1
eclipse 2.1.0
struts 是用 java 写的，应此它需要 jdk 1.2 或者更高版本。如果你用的是 jdk 1.4，就像我，xml parser 和 jdbc 2.0 optional package binary 就已经被默认的包含了。
新项目
在这个例程中我们要开发一个简单的 web 应用，允许用户登录和注销。简单起见，数据被设定为常数，而不是保存在数据库中，毕竟这里要讲的是 struts，而不是 java。
首先在你的 tomcat 配置的应用主目录中创建一个目录，比方说 logonapp。在 logonapp 中创建目录 src 和 web-inf，在 web-inf 中创建目录 classes 和 lib，从 struts 的分发中拷贝 struts.jar 到 lib 目录，而且也把拷贝 $catalina_home/common/lib/servlets.jar 到 lib 目录。从 struts 的分发中拷贝所有的 struts*.tld 到 web-inf 目录。
现在打开 eclipse，你会看到四个 view。现在我们要建立一个新的项目，点击 file -> new project，打开了一个窗口，在第一个窗格中选择 java，在第二个窗格中选择 java project，点击 next。输入项目名称（为了好记，就也叫 logonapp 吧），去掉 use default 复选框的对勾，浏览到 logonapp 目录，点击 next。出现一个新的窗口，在 source tab 上点击 add folder，添加 $app_base/src，在 default output folder 中填入 $app_base/web-inf/classes，点击 finish。点击 window -> open perspective -> resource，看看 .project 文件是否已经自动包含了 lib 目录中所有的 jar 文件。
你的 logonapp/web-inf/web.xml 应该如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!doctype web-app
public "-//sun microsystems, inc.//dtd web application 2.3//en"
"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<!-- action servlet configuration -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.actionservlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/web-inf/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- action servlet mapping -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- the welcome file list -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- struts tag library descriptors -->
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/web-inf/struts-bean.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/web-inf/struts-html.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/web-inf/struts-logic.tld</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<!doctype struts-config public
"-//apache software foundation//dtd struts configuration 1.1//en"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="logonform"
type="org.apache.struts.validator.dynavalidatorform">
<form-property name="username" type="java.lang.string"/>
<form-property name="password" type="java.lang.string"/>
</form-bean>
</form-beans>
<global-forwards>
<forward name="success" path="/main.jsp"/>
<forward name="logoff" path="/logoff.do"/>
</global-forwards>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/logon"
type="org.monotonous.struts.logonaction"
name="logonform"
scope="session"
input="logon">
</action>
<action path="/logoff"
type="org.monotonous.struts.logoffaction">
<forward name="success" path="/index.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
<controller>
<!-- the "input" parameter on "action" elements is the name of a
local or global "forward" rather than a module-relative path -->
<set-property property="inputforward" value="true"/>
</controller>
<message-resources parameter="org.monotonous.struts.applicationresources"/>
</struts-config>
<%@ page contenttype="text/html;charset=utf-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/web-inf/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/web-inf/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<html:html locale="true">
<head>
<title><bean:message key="index.title" /></title>
<html:base/>
</head>
<body>
<html:errors/>
<html:form action="/logon">
<bean:message key="prompt.username"/>
<html:text property="username"/>
<br/>
<bean:message key="prompt.password"/>
<html:password property="password"/>
<br/>
<html:submit>
<bean:message key="index.logon"/>
</html:submit>
</html:form>
</body>
</html:html>
<%@ page contenttype="text/html;charset=utf-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/web-inf/struts-bean.tld" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="/web-inf/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<html:html>
<head>
<title><bean:message key="main.title"/></title>
<html:base/>
</head>
<body>
<html:link forward="logoff">
<bean:message key="main.logoff"/>
</html:link>
</body>
</html:html>
index.title=struts homepage
prompt.username=username
prompt.password=password
index.logon=log on
main.title=struts main page
main.logoff=log off
error.password.mismatch=invalid username and/or password.
package org.monotonous.struts;
import java.util.locale;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpsession;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.action;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionerror;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionerrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionform;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionforward;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionmapping;
import org.apache.struts.util.messageresources;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.propertyutils;
public final class logonaction extends action {
public actionforward execute(
actionmapping mapping,
actionform form,
httpservletrequest request,
httpservletresponse response)
throws exception {
locale locale = getlocale(request);
messageresources messages = getresources(request);
// validate the request parameters specified by the user
actionerrors errors = new actionerrors();
string username =
(string) propertyutils.getsimpleproperty(form, "username");
string password =
(string) propertyutils.getsimpleproperty(form, "password");
if ((username != "foo") (password != "bar"))
errors.add(actionerrors.global_error,
new actionerror("error.password.mismatch"));
// report any errors we have discovered back to the original form
if (!errors.isempty()) {
saveerrors(request, errors);
return (mapping.getinputforward());
}
// save our logged-in user in the session
httpsession session = request.getsession();
// do something with session...
// remove the obsolete form bean
if (mapping.getattribute() != null) {
if ("request".equals(mapping.getscope()))
request.removeattribute(mapping.getattribute());
else
session.removeattribute(mapping.getattribute());
}
// forward control to the specified success uri
return (mapping.findforward("success"));
}
}
logoffaction.java：
package org.monotonous.struts;
import java.util.locale;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest;
import javax.servlet.http.httpsession;
import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.action;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionform;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionforward;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionmapping;
import org.apache.struts.util.messageresources;
public final class logoffaction extends action {
public actionforward execute(
actionmapping mapping,
actionform form,
httpservletrequest request,
httpservletresponse response)
throws exception {
locale locale = getlocale(request);
messageresources messages = getresources(request);
httpsession session = request.getsession();
session.removeattribute("userattrib");
session.invalidate();
// forward control to the specified success uri
return (mapping.findforward("success"));
}
}
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